6 min read

In this tutorial, we’ll learn an easy way to implement the Internationalization and Localization in Flutter with some practical examples.

More and more people are learning English every day. Still, there is a huge number of people who don’t understand or speak English. Although you have a compelling app, people may not use it. They might not know English or prefer it to be available in their language. 

You may be losing the game in non-English regions, no matter how much the app can benefit them. For example, if you have an app that tells the steps to perform the particular exercise and if a user is unable to understand the language, the user will simply opt for another app (which might be mediocre but available in the user’s language)

If you are developing a mobile app and want it to succeed at the global level, you must implement Internationalization and Localization in your Flutter app.

Here’s what we’ll cover:

What is Localization

Localizing the app meaning, making it react based on the locale. For example, the format for showing the Numbers, Currencies, Dates, and Plurals might be different for another locale.

It is also written as l10n. 10 represents the count of all letters between L and n.

localization in flutter

What is Internationalization

Internationalization is the process of making the app localizable. Usually, this process is carried out by the developers who put all their efforts to the make app behave based on the particular locale. Internationalization involves creating multiple locale-based files, importing locale-based assets, and so on.

It is also referred to as i18n. 18 represents the count of all letters between I and n.

internationalization in flutter

Steps to Internationalizing in Flutter

Following are the instructions that walk you through Internationalizing your Flutter app.

Step 1: Add the flutter_localizations and intl packages to the pubspec.yaml file

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  flutter_localizations:
    sdk: flutter
  intl: ^0.17.0

Step 2: In the pubspec.yaml file, add the generate: true This should be inside the last section in pubspec.yaml file. It should look like this:

flutter:
  # The following line ensures that the Material Icons font is
  # included with your application, so that you can use the icons in
  # the material Icons class.
  uses-material-design: true
  generate: true

Step 3: Create a new YAML file called l10n.yaml at the root directory of the Flutter project and add the following contents:

arb-dir: lib/l10n
template-arb-file: app_en.arb
output-localization-file: app_localizations.dart

Step 4: Create a new folder named as l10n inside the lib folder. Now add the app_en.arb file with the following contents.

{
    "hello": "Hello, How are you?"
 }

The app_en.arb file contains all the messages that need to be shown when the language is English.

If you want a different message based on locale, you can create a new file under the same l10n folder. Let’s add a greeting message for few other languages. 

  • Create a new file called app_de.arb and add the below content. The message will be shown when the device locale is German.
{
    "hello": "Hallo wie geht's dir?"
 }
  • Create another file called app_fr.arb which should look like below. The message will be shown when the device locale is French.
{
    "hello": "Bonjour comment vas-tu?"
 }

Step 5: Run the app. This will auto-generate some required files needed in the next section.

Step 6: Add the following import statements in the file where you have your MaterialApp widget.

import 'package:flutter_gen/gen_l10n/app_localizations.dart';

Also, In the MaterialApp widget, assign the localizationsDelegates and supportedLocales from the generated files.

It should look like this:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_gen/gen_l10n/app_localizations.dart';
 class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
     return MaterialApp(
       localizationsDelegates: AppLocalizations.localizationsDelegates,
       supportedLocales: AppLocalizations.supportedLocales,
       home: MyHomePage(),
     );
   }
 }

Step 7: Now you are all set ? Just use the string like this:

Text(
  AppLocalizations.of(context)!.hello,
)

Step 8: Run the app and see the output. Change the language from the settings and notice the changed text.

String with Parameters

Production-level apps can have a lot more complex stuff than just showing simple locale-based messages. The backend may give only important data and the rest lies on the frontend to format and represent the message. 

Let’s see how to show a message which tells whether the user is online or not. 

First, make changes in the .arb file for all the languages that you are supporting. It should look like this:

//1. app_en.arb
{
    "hello": "Hello, How are you?",
    "user_status": "{usesrname} is {status}",
    "@user_status": {
      "placeholders": {
        "usesrname": {},
        "status": {}
      }
    }
}
//2. app_de.arb
{
    "hello": "Hallo wie geht's dir?",
    "user_status": "{usesrname} ist {status}",
        "@user_status": {
          "placeholders": {
            "usesrname": {},
            "status": {}
          }
        }
}
//3. app_fr.arb
{
    "hello": "Bonjour comment vas-tu?",
    "user_status": "{usesrname} est {status}",
        "@user_status": {
          "placeholders": {
            "usesrname": {},
            "status": {}
          }
        }
}

The user_status accepts the username and statusas parameters. In the respective .arb file, you can prepare a locale-based message format.

Now, you can pass the required data like this:

Text(
  AppLocalizations.of(context)!.user_status('Pinkesh', 'online'),
),

And here’s how it looks:

String with Numbers

Countries may have different ways of representing numbers. For example, the decimal pattern used when the locale US English is 3,450,200 and for Germany, it looks like this 3.450.200

Let’s add support for the number by making the following changes in the app_en.arb file. 

//1. app_en.arb
{
    "hello": "Hello, How are you?",
    "population": "Population in US is {value}",
    "@population": {
      "placeholders": {
        "value": {
          "type": "int",
          "format": "decimalPattern"
        }
      }
    },
}

The key population accepts the number in value. The type of value is defined in the placeholders. It is set to accept the int type and the format would be decimalPattern.

Now, you can use the string message like this:

Text(
  AppLocalizations.of(context)!.population(1200000),
)

You can see how the population number is reflecting in the app:

String with Currencies

Just like numbers, you can also display currency format based on locale. Just replace the decimalPattern with compactCurrency like this:

//1. app_en.arb
{
    "hello": "Hello, How are you?",
    "networth": "xyz's net worth is {value}",
    "@networth": {
    "placeholders": {
     "value": {
       "type": "int",
       "format": "compactCurrency"
    }
  }
 },
}

Showing the currency like this:

Text(
  AppLocalizations.of(context)!.networth(32000000),
)

Output:

Following are the format options that you can have when the type is int:

compact → “1.2M”

compactCurrency → “$1.2M”

compactLong → “1.2 million”

currency → “USD1,200,000.00”

decimalPattern → “1,200,000”

simpleCurrency → “$1,200,000.00”

String with Dates

Showing dates based on locale is essential. Wrong date representation can lead to huge confusion. For example, when the locale is US English date should be displayed in the mm-dd-yyyy format while for the french locale it should be in the format of dd-mm-yyyy.

Here’s how you do it:

//1. app_en.arb
{
    "hello": "Hello, How are you?",
    "on_date": "As of {date}",
    "@on_date": {
     "description": "A message with a date parameter",
     "placeholders": {
       "date": {
         "type": "DateTime",
         "format": "yMd"
    }
  }
 },
}

When the type is set to DateTime it will display the date-time based on the current locale.

Text(
  AppLocalizations.of(context)!
      .on_date(DateTime.now()),
)

Output:

Are you Interested in exploring more about working with date and time in Flutter? Head over to our blog post on “datetime format” to learn all about the different ways you can format your date and time in Flutter.

String with Plurals

If plurals are not handled properly, it can give a feeling of the quality compromised app. The intl package in dart does all the heavy lifting of handling the plurals out of the box.

Here’s the code:

{
    "hello": "Hello, How are you?",
    "nThings": "{count,plural, =0{no {things}} =1{{count} {thing}} other{{count} {thing}s}}",
    "@nThings": {
      "description": "A plural message with an additional parameter",
      "placeholders": {
        "count": {
        },
        "thing": {
          "example": "messages"
        }
      }
    }
}

Inside the placeholder, the count represent the number of items and thing represents the item name.

Now simply pass the item values like this:

Text(
  AppLocalizations.of(context)!.nThings(2, 'Message'),
)

Here’s how it looks:

The finished app looks like this:

internationalization and localization in flutter

The full source code can be found here.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we learned how to implement the Internationalization and Localization in Flutter with a simple approach. We also learned how to make an app that adopts different locales.

also read,

Top 3 Ways to Change Package Name in Flutter with Code
Flutter Container Border: Customize Radius and Color